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Image file formats use a variety of compression technologies, including:
MRC — Mixed raster content; An advanced compression method for color document images. MRC involves the separation of a document images into layers, based on content. A typical application of MRC for document images would be magazine pages. In that application, the text and graphic elements would be contained in different layers and would each be compressed differently - potentially JPEG for the graphics and JBIG2 for the text. MRC is designed to provide optimum compression without sacrificing the quality of the image or the viewing experience PDF and JPEG 2000, Part 6 are examples of file formats that can incorporate MRC techniques.
Lossy Compression — A type of file compression in which decompressed images can contain data that is different from the original image (before it was compressed), but are close enough to the original to be generally acceptable.
Lossless Compression — File compression in which the decompressed image data is exactly the same as the pre-compressed image data. While JPEG is considered to be a method of lossy compression, JPEG 2000 can be achieved through lossless methods.
Group 4 Compression — A method of bi-tonal image compression. Most early document imaging applications relied on Group 4 compression wrapped in a TIFF. Group 4 can also be used in PDFs, although PDFs also support JBIG2 for more advanced bi-tonal compression.
JPEG 2000 — A wavelet-based image compression method that can create lossless files.
Grayscale Thresholding — The use of grayscale image information to create bi-tonal images. Since the late 1990s document image processing has incorporated the use of intelligent or dynamic grayscale thresholding to create quality bi-tonal images from low-contrast documents. Kofax’s VRS is an example of this.
Major Image Compression vendors include: Adobe, LuraTech, LizardTech, EFI, Pegasus, Snowbound, Accusoft and AtalaSoft.
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